harry george philby
In 1948, troubled by the heavy drinking and frequent depressions that had become a feature of her husband's life in Istanbul, she experienced a breakdown of this nature, staging an accident and injecting herself with urine and insulin to cause skin disfigurations. This statement was underlined twice in red and marked with two question marks, clearly indicating their confusion and questioning of this, by disbelieving staff at Moscow Central in the Lubyanka, according to Genrikh Borovik, who saw the telegrams much later in the KGB archives. The minister told the House of Commons, "I have no reason to conclude that Mr. Philby has at any time betrayed the interests of his country, or to identify him with the so-called 'Third Man', if indeed there was one. For the Soviets, Philby was an invaluable asset, ensuring the correct use of idiomatic and diplomatic English phrases in their disinformation efforts. In 1968, she returned to Maclean. He reported to the Soviet NKVD from the Spanish civil war under the guise of a correspondent for the Times, and in 1940 joined the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS, or MI6), becoming a double agent and passing many secrets to the Kremlin. Were sorry, this feature is currently unavailable. Halfway there, they switched cars and drove to a small airport in the Soviet zone of Austria. Working from genuine unclassified and public CIA or US State Department documents, Philby inserted "sinister" paragraphs regarding US plans. Maclean accused Philby of being a double agent working for the British and they stopped speaking. Lipton later withdrew his comments. John Philby, who has died aged 65, was the eldest son of the Russian spy Kim Philby, unmasked in 1963 as a double agent and the notorious Third Man in the Cambridge spy ring of the 1930s. [22][23], Alexander Orlov (born Lev Feldbin; code-name Swede), Philby's controller in Madrid, who had once met him in Perpignan, France, also defected. Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby ORB, OL ODN (1 January 1912 11 May 1988)[1] was a British intelligence officer and a double agent for the Soviet Union. Alasdair Soussi. Even after Philby's departure from MI6, speculation[who?] [58] He and Eleanor divorced and she departed Moscow in May 1965. Philby claimed to have overheard discussion of this by chance and sent a report to his controller. For most of us, January 23, 2013, was a day like any other. At this point, however, Philby and Friedmann separated. They went to live with an aunt and uncle, and saw little of his father. He later wrote "she had got a tantalising scrap of information about a young English journalist whom the Soviet intelligence had sent to Spain during the Civil War. Burgess' defection to Moscow with Maclean in 1951 cast suspicion on Philby snr. "He once even said that it was the easiest way to bring life to an end. Given all that Melinda had gone through, the pity she had had to accept and the dissembling she had had to practise, that first meeting overseen by Soviet officials was a strained affair. They met each other socially but soon fell out. Following Aileen Philby's death in 1957 and Eleanor's subsequent divorce from Brewer, Philby and Eleanor were married in London in 1959 and set up house together in Beirut. Filed under A specialized intelligence website written by experts, since 2008 Matthew Tomkinson / Heart of Arabia Expedition. Change). Nonetheless, the information was publicized in 1967 when Philby granted an interview to Murray Sayle of The Times in Moscow. But it was resumed a few months later, when he received a letter from his father in Moscow. [19] Maly was one of the Soviet Union's most powerful and influential illegal controllers and recruiters. For some 30 years he was an adviser to King Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia. He is widely considered history's most successful double spy. [3], Secret files released to the National Archives in late 2020 indicated that the UK government had intentionally conducted a campaign to keep Philby's spying confidential "to minimise political embarrassment" and prevent the publication of his memoirs, according to a report by The Guardian. She emphasised the strength and goodness of their fathers moral and political beliefs as a committed communist who wanted peaceful co-existence between East and West. She told a BBC documentary: He was just dad. It is possible that it was a Viennese-born friend of Friedmann's in London, Edith Tudor Hart herself, at this time, a Soviet agent who first approached Philby about the possibility of working for Soviet intelligence. by. [24], In 1940, on the recommendation of Burgess, Philby joined MI6's Section D, a secret organisation charged with investigating how enemies might be attacked through non-military means. The situation in Washington was tense. But though his love affair with the cause never wavered, his love affair with Melinda did. Life is good here in every way.. [44] She was sent to a clinic in Switzerland to recover. His friend Malcolm Muggeridge regarded Philby as ''a real-life James Bond''. In June 1934, Deutsch recruited him to the Soviet intelligence services. "[60], After being exonerated, Philby was no longer employed by MI6 and Soviet intelligence lost all contact with him. Pierre-Charles Path. Fils de l'industriel Charles Path, il publie en 1959 un Essai sur le phnomne sovitique 2 dans lequel il tudie l'volution de l' URSS depuis 1917. Despite being forced to step down from his MI6 post, he maintained links with the service while working as correspondent for The Observer newspaper in the Middle East. While working as a senior member of British intelligence, he spied on behalf of the Soviet NKVD and KGB from the early 1930s until his defection. For a large sum of money, Volkov offered the names of three Soviet agents inside Britain, two of whom worked in the Foreign Office and a third who worked in counter-espionage in London. In late summer 1943, the SIS provided the GRU an official report on the activities of German agents in Bulgaria and Romania, soon to be liberated by the Soviet Union. Find out where Kim Philby was born, their birthday and details about their professions, education, religion, family and other life details and facts. [70] The Dolmatova, a Soviet freighter bound for Odessa, had left Beirut that morning so abruptly that cargo was left scattered over the docks;[58] Philby claimed that he left Beirut on board this ship. Two years later, a Sunday Times correspondent was in Moscow and about to pack his bags after an unsuccessful attempt to interview the Soviet leader, Nikita Khrushchev, when, out of the blue, he was invited to a room in his hotel. [27] His time at Section D, however, was short-lived; the "tiny, ineffective, and slightly comic" section[28] was soon absorbed by the Special Operations Executive (SOE) in the summer of 1940. [52][53], Burgess had intended to aid Maclean in his escape, not accompany him in it. Their fifth child, Harry George, was born in 1950. [74] When the news broke, MI6 came under criticism for failing to anticipate and block Philby's defection, though Elliott was to claim he could not have prevented Philby's flight. A plaque in his honour was unveiled by the head of the foreign intelligence service at its headquarters in Moscow in December. Macleans outward calm in the face of exile was greatly bolstered by his wifes support. He and his sister Josephine were flown to Moscow by the Russians for his father's funeral in 1988. "[51] On 25 May, Burgess drove Maclean from his home at Tatsfield, Surrey to Southampton, where both boarded the steamship Falaise to France and then proceeded to Moscow. Krivitsky claimed that two Soviet intelligence agents had penetrated the Foreign Office and that a third Soviet intelligence agent had worked as a journalist for a British newspaper during the civil war in Spain. It was ten years before he was given a minor role in the training of KGB recruits. He feared that she would dump him because he was just a boring official in the British diplomatic service so to make myself look better and more important, I told her the reason why I led such a life. Harry St. John Philby, () 3.73 avg rating 11 ratings. Following Eleanor's divorce, the couple married[58] in January 1959. They subsequently moved to Britain; however, as Philby assumed the role of a fascist sympathiser, they separated. Weakened by alcoholism and frequent sickness, she died of influenza in December 1957.[91]. He told The Telegraph that he personally did not agree with his fathers political views, but added: he was what he was, what could I do?. She was an object of both pity and fascination, and to get away from it all, she moved from their house on the Kent-Surrey border to Switzerland, with her mother. Mary was born circa 1824, in London, England. [58] Golitsyn proceeded to confirm White's suspicions about Philby's role. Jubilee Statistical Yearbook]", "The national economy of the USSR for 70 years. She flirted with other men and had affairs. Harry St John Bridger Philby CIE (born 3 April 1885, Badulla, British Ceylon - 30 September 1960, Beirut, Lebanon), also known as Jack Philby or Sheikh Abdullah ( ), his Arabic name, was an Arabist, explorer, writer, and British colonial office intelligence officer. Harold Adrian Russell Philby, ; 1 1912, , 11 1988, ) . 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars. In her absence, Philby had begun an affair with Donald Maclean's wife, Melinda. Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby, fdd 1 januari 1912 i Ambala, Provinsen Punjab, Brittiska Indien, dd 11 maj 1988 i Moskva, Sovjetunionen, var en brittisk stor spion och dubbelagent samt verste inom KGB . He took a job at a monthly magazine, the World Review of Reviews, for which he wrote a large number of articles and letters (sometimes under a variety of pseudonyms) and occasionally served as "acting editor. Jun 27, 2019. The photographs depict many of the protagonists in this political and military struggle, including Colonel T.E. (LogOut/ In 1963 he was revealed to be a member of the Cambridge Five, a spy ring which had divulged British secrets to the Soviets during World War II and in the early stages of the Cold War. Fergie is horrified that [Donald] might have done something wrong at the office and the FO will be very angry when he returns. From 1947, they infiltrated the southern mountains to build support for former King Zog. His alcoholic mother, Aileen Furse, was his father's mistress before they were married in 1946 after he divorced his first wife. [31], Philby's role as an instructor of sabotage agents again brought him to the attention of the Soviet Joint State Political Directorate (OGPU). She cashed a substantial cheque, bought her toddler daughter some new clothes and settled an outstanding garage bill. [62], In Lebanon, Philby at first lived in Mahalla Jamil, his father's large household located in the village of Ajaltoun, just outside Beirut. Aileen Philby had suffered since childhood from psychological problems which caused her to inflict injuries upon herself. Harry George Philby was so named after Harry Truman and George Washington, keeping with. He needed a secret sharer in his life as well as someone to admire him. And here he was struck by disappointment, brought to tears. 894646. Kim Philby, the most successful of the Cambridge spies, tried to drink himself to death in Moscow because he was disillusioned with communism and tortured by his own failings, his last wife has said in an interview. "[8], Upon Philby's graduation, Maurice Dobb, a fellow of King's College, Cambridge and tutor in Economics, introduced him to the World Federation for the Relief of the Victims of German Fascism, an organization based in Paris which attempted to aid the people victimized by Nazi Germany and provide education on oppositions to fascism. "I tried everything to save him; after all, he was killing himself. His own comment was "I do not say that people were happy under the regime but the CIA underestimated the degree of control that the Authorities had over the country. [65] Nicholas Elliott, an MI6 officer recently stationed in Beirut who was a friend of Philby's and had previously believed in his innocence, was tasked with attempting to secure Philby's full confession. He spent the rest of his professional life as a self-employed joiner. Philby resigned from MI6 in July 1951. Director Susan Johnson Writers Kara Holden (screenplay by) Caren Lissner (based on the novel by) Stars Bel Powley Nathan Lane Scott Keiji Takeda See production, box office & company info Watch on Netflix Donald refused to become part of the twilight brigade community of defectors, down-at-heel, disillusioned and wondering how they had got there. He fell for her the moment he met her among the bohemian set he socialised with in Paris, where he was a British diplomat. Then, of course, there was Kim Philby's own children. When the news broke in Britain that she, too, had defected, the Press rounded on Melinda, turning the pathetic and lonely figure theyd previously portrayed her as into a scheming deceiver. I replied 100, which I hoped would last me about a year in Vienna. He said, 'Why do old people live so badly here? (LogOut/ [11][pageneeded], In February 1937, Philby travelled to Seville, Spain, then embroiled in a bloody civil war triggered by the coup d'tat of Falangist forces under General Francisco Franco against the democratic government of President Manuel Azaa. Then she drove off with the children. Philby jnr admitted that when the news broke, he felt a sense of something approaching quiet approval. [14] Philby later recalled: Lizzy came home one evening and told me that she had arranged for me to meet a "man of decisive importance". Philby's work led to the deaths of dozens of British agents, making him a reviled traitor once he was exposed in Britain. This turned out to be identical with Barclay's dispatch, convincing the NKVD that Philby had seen the full Barclay report. He was tall and fair; she was slight with curly, dark hair. Donald is well and happy to be with his family again. We have noticed that there is an issue with your subscription billing details. When he died, in 1988, he was buried with honors by the Soviet authorities. [72][pageneeded], It was not until 1 July 1963 that Philby's flight to Moscow was officially confirmed. [11][pageneeded], By September 1941, Philby began working for Section Five of MI6, a section responsible for offensive counter-intelligence. [7][pageneeded], At Cambridge, Philby showed his "leaning towards communism," in the words of his father St John, who went on to write: "The only serious question is whether Kim definitely intended to be disloyal to the government while in its service. [10], Philby acted as a courier between Vienna and Prague, paying for the train tickets out of his remaining 75 and using his British passport to evade suspicion. He never promised to give up, but once, completely unexpectedly, he suddenly said, 'I'm afraid I'm going to lose you, I'm not going to drink any more.' Eventually, Melinda went back to her home country, the U.S., bringing to an end nearly 40 years of endurance, loyalty and betrayal. [75], Upon his arrival in Moscow in January 1963, Philby discovered that he was not a colonel in the KGB, as he had been led to believe. Melinda, it turned out, had driven to Lausanne, where tickets were waiting and luggage had been left in a station locker. In January 1963, having finally been unmasked as a Soviet agent, Philby defected to Moscow, where he lived until his death in 1988. Philby was a 19-year-old art student when his father was exposed in 1963 as a traitor. Melinda translated Russian stories into English for the weekly English paper, Moscow News. [47] His dissolution had a troubling effect on Philby; the morning after a particularly disastrous and drunken party, a guest returning to collect his car heard voices upstairs and found "Kim and Guy in the bedroom drinking champagne. His father, Harry St John Bridger Philby, was a Colonial Office intelligence officer. However, she denies that Philby ever regretted defecting to the Soviet Union, adding that he never talked of going home to Britain. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); A specialized intelligence website written by experts, since 2008. A new expedition honours Harry St John Philby's exploration of the kingdom more than 100 years ago. "" ( : Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby ; 1 1912 - 11 1988) . He was a man of considerable cultural background. [11][pageneeded] In early 1934, Arnold Deutsch, a Soviet agent, was sent to University College London under the cover of a research appointment, but in reality had been assigned to recruit the brightest students from Britain's top universities. In contrast to Blake, Philby and Burgess and to a less extent Maclean suffered from nostalgia for Britain. [32] At this time, the German Abwehr was active in Spain, particularly around the British naval base of Gibraltar, which its agents hoped to watch with many detection stations to track Allied supply ships in the Western Mediterranean. Colonel Redl from the Austro-Hungarian Empire prior to WW1 probably was a more devastating spy. During the Phoney War from September 1939 until the Dunkirk evacuation, Philby worked as The Times' first-hand correspondent with the British Expeditionary Force headquarters. Melinda returned to Donald, but two years later moved to her own apartment. He had the policy of never confessinga document in his own handwriting was dismissed as a forgery. When her brother-in-law, Alan Maclean, asked her whether she would join Donald if she knew for sure that he was behind the Iron Curtain, she gave a firm No. However, his son told The Telegraph that his fathers contribution to the physical demise of Western intelligence operatives is overstated: there is no information that anyone died as a result of Kim Philbys treachery, he said. [11][pageneeded], Philby provided Stalin with advance warning of Operation Barbarossa and of the Japanese intention to strike into southeast Asia instead of attacking the Soviet Union as Hitler had urged. [61], It is unclear whether Philby had been alerted, but Eleanor noted that as 1962 wore on, expressions of tension in his life "became worse and were reflected in bouts of deep depression and drinking". Shortly afterward, Philby was moved to the job as chief SIS representative in Washington, D.C., with his family. He told the paper that Kim eventually came to think that it was all wrong, implying that Philby grew disillusioned with the Soviet system. Although she would be left pitied, even censured, and alone in a country in which she had spent barely one-tenth of her life, it might be better that he should be free to live a new life in Moscow than spend a decade behind bars. The comments below have not been moderated, By I think that he was of Czech origin; about 5ft 7in, stout, with blue eyes and light curly hair. He did a lot with us., Philby was sent to Beirut in 1956 to work for The Observer, leaving his children in London, after being. "[18], Philby continued to live in the United Kingdom with his wife for several years. Certain aspects of Soviet life did indeed disappoint Philby, with his wife claiming he was "particularly irritated by Brezhnev". They remained friends for many years following their separation and divorced only in 1946, just following the end of World War II. He joined (1917) the British foreign service, was sent on a special mission to Arabia, and became the first European to visit the southern provinces of the Nejd. How? The son, too, embraced left-wing politics and joined the Young Socialists when he was 17, after he enrolled at the Hornsey School of Art to study painting and sculpture. Philby was given the task of dealing with Volkov by British intelligence. [9][pageneeded]. He was very good when he was around. On 23 May, concerned that Maclean had not yet fled, Philby wired Burgess, ostensibly about his Lincoln convertible abandoned in the Embassy car park. After I had been wounded and decorated by Franco himself, I became known as 'the English-decorated-by-Franco' and all sorts of doors opened to me. He was known to have been friends with the brazenly gay and immoderate Burgess, who had lived for a time in Philby's house on Nebraska Avenue in Washington. His successor, Boris Bazarov, suffered the same fate two years later during the purges. [66] She recalled returning home to Beirut from a sight-seeing trip in Jordan to find Philby "hopelessly drunk and incoherent with grief on the terrace of the flat," mourning the death of a little pet fox which had fallen from the balcony. Officially, his post was that of First Secretary to the British Embassy; in reality, he served as chief British intelligence representative in Washington. regarding his possible Soviet affiliations continued. Philby occupied himself by writing his memoirs, which were published in the UK in 1968 under the title My Silent War; they were not published in the Soviet Union until 1980. Melinda fitted the bill. Aileen died in 1957, when Tommy was just 11 years old; his contact with his father was cut off as soon as the double spy defected to the USSR in January 1963. But, after a silence of nearly five years, here was the first actual sighting and confirmation that the runaways were alive. He is widely considered historys most successful double spy. While working as a senior member of British intelligence, he spied on behalf of the Soviet NKVD and KGB from the early 1930s until his defection. Elliott confronted him, saying, "I once looked up to you, Kim. And while on holiday in Majorca, she gave away a lot of her clothes to the maid of a family she was staying with. Hed been worried about leaving her and their children to carry on without him, but shed given him the all-clear to go. Johnson was killed outright, and Neil and Sheepshanks soon died of their injuries. Registered in England No. [54][61] There, his journalism served as cover for renewed work for MI6. Golitsyn offered the CIA revelations of Soviet agents within American and British intelligence services. The next day she notified the British Consul in Geneva. He died in 1983 at the age of 69, recording beforehand that I do not at all regret having done what seemed and still seems to me my duty. Melinda walked out on her husband, leaving the children with Donald, and moved in with Philby. Philby had to help discover the identity of "Homer" but also wished to protect Maclean. Please, The subscription details associated with this account need to be updated. As for Melinda the central figure in the circle of loyalty and secrecy, desertion and reconciliation, love and solitariness that was the human drama of Donald Macleans life she lived well into her 90s before dying in New York in 2010, silent to the end about her years with one of Britains most infamous traitors. If one accepts Philbys propaganda one can repeat Philbys non-double agent claim. Macleans study resembled that of a Cambridge professor, with copies of Trollope, biographies of Gladstone and airmail editions of The Times. [20] However, such an act was never a real possibility; upon debriefing Philby in London on 24 May 1937, Maly wrote to the NKVD, "Though devoted and ready to sacrifice himself, [Philby] does not possess the physical courage and other qualities necessary for this [assassination] attempt."[20]. Harry St John Bridger Philby, CIE (3 April 1885 - 30 September 1960), also known as Jack Philby or Sheikh Abdullah ( Arabic: ), was a British Arabist, adviser, explorer, writer, and a colonial intelligence officer who served as an advisor to King Abdulaziz al-Saud, the founder of Saudi Arabia . By the end of the Second World War he had become a high-ranking member. To order a copy for 15, visit mailshop.co.uk/ books or call 0844 571 0640. "If he did not act at once it would be too late," the telegram read, "because [Philby] would send his car to the scrap heap. 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