advantages of federalism in nigeria
Federalism is very important in Nigeria because of the size of our population. Federalism provides ways by which these . Also, there was a demand for more local regions by all these ethnic interest groups which was what led to the creation of new states. It is the result of the highly established units which can usually be absent. State governments have the freedom to adopt policies which may not be followed nationally or by any other state. Federalism is a system of government where there are a decentralization power and autonomy of governance to the regional or federated states that share sovereignty with the Federal Government. Government Structure and Systems of Government Federal Government. There are several pros and cons of federalism to consider when looking at it as a political system. 3. /Length 14727 November 23, 2019. https://ivypanda.com/essays/federalism-2/. national: matters that affect the country as a whole (national security, promoting national economic prosperity) state: matters that lie within their region (education, healthcare, public safety, and other public services) He is also a Developer with knowledge in HTML, CSS, JS, PHP and React Native. The Evolution of Nigerian Federalism Nigeria is, one of the most ethnically diverse countries in the world with well over 250 ethno-linguistic groups, some of which are bigger than many independent states of contemporary Africa (Ojo, 2009). This type of government is also known as a "federation" or a "federal state" in common parlance (eg., United States of America). Nigerian federalism can be traced back to 1914 when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated because, during this period, the powers of government were shared between the central government headed by the Governor-General and the governments of Southern protectorates and Northern protectorates. 6. In other not to control only some parts of the big country, Nigeria, the colonial masters thought it wise to divide the country into different component units that will be represented in the government. Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government . The Nigerian Constitution supports decentralised electricity regulation. Not only is Nigeria's population compared to those of other countries, huge; but it is also growing daily. Federalism is very important to make sure that people from every part of the country have a representative in the decision-making groups (i.e. This is IvyPanda's free database of academic paper samples. This is a lesson from the tutorial, Structure and Systems of Government and you are encouraged to log Required fields are marked *. The government demands to have war powers were created by tragedies of modern wars. The federal system makes government more manageable. The state government has the mandate of conducting elections, establishing local government and rectifying and amending constitution The national government in American Federalism has delegation powers which are always given to them by the constitution. 2023. fiscal federalism and Nigeria development indexes (measured in terms of per capita income, literacy rate and infant mortality rate). 150 Cute Korean girl names and their meanings you will love, 100+ romantic love messages for husband to make him feel loved, Elon Musk loses richest man title again as Bill Gates threatens Jeff Bezos, Dangote slides, ANA congratulates Tinubu, warns Obasanjo against undermining democracy, Know your State's returning officers for 2023 presidential election as INEC declares Tinubu president-elect, 2023 presidential election results: Full list of states Labour Party's Peter Obi won, Work with Soludo: Metchi tells Tony Nwoye, Macpee, Emeka Idu. Some governments are trying it, while others or not. Nigeria are typically inclined to the derivation principle, which is the process of distributing centrally generated revenue to constituent units with regards to the contribution made by a group to the country's more 12substantial income. The history of Ijaw, Edo, Igala, Yoruba, Igbo, Nupe and Hausa Kingdoms are enriched with social-political relationships that existed before the emergence of the white man. It means that the sovereign unit (Centre) and local units . Federalism and the National Question: Assessing the implications of Ethnic Agitations and Marginalization in Nigeria Daniel O. Okorie Email: obinnadaniel31@gmail.com Department of Political Science, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, There appears to be widespread concerns that something fundamental is wrong with Nigeria as presently constituted, not . Several positive and negative attributes of federalism have manifested themselves in the U.S. political system. John Paden, George Mason University: Federalism in Nigeria. However, the practice of fiscal federalism in Nigeria is a negation of true federalism. In a unitary constitution which opposes federal principles, everything belongs to the central government; the federating unit does not exist, let alone agitating for resource control. Since Nigeria is a heterogeneous nation and Federalism is more practicable in such kind of nation, it is an ideal system of government. 3. The definition of federalism is straightforward: it is the federal principle or system of government. stream The 1951 constitution gave more strength to regionalism with the creation of two chamber legislation in the northern and western Nigeria. The states were later increased to 30 states. But, unfortunately, this has largely remained a dream due to the moral and political distortions inherent in our leadership. As a Nigerian, it is important to understand some basic things about the system of governance in Nigeria and why it is so. At the same time, the accommodation of very diverse groups whose differences are fundamental rather than transient by giving them territorial power bases of their own has enhanced the ability of federal systems to function as vehicles of political integration while preserving democratic government. Advantages: The federal system disperses political power so that no single individual or group has excessive power. This was meant to re-establish proper rule and national governance. It creates checks and balances in a system that promote individual freedoms and self-governing at a higher level when compared to the other options which are possible. These structures can be challenging to change when there are some many obstacles that are put in the way thanks to the checks and balances of this system. Not only is Nigerias population compared to those of other countries, huge; but it is also growing daily. IvyPanda. The contradictions generated by this rigional arrangement threatened Nigeria unity. By diffusing power to multiple branches of office, like the U.S. does with the executive, legislative, and judicial segments, it becomes more challenging for one division to take over the country. Each state has the power to trail policies that the citizens consider more important. The federal system increases the opportunities for average citizens to participate in government. Instead of mandating that everyone follows the same set of laws, this system allows each community to create a foundation that works the best for their needs. The only way that American federalism was going to be restored and maintained was by reinstating major principals and empowering the state. But in Nigeria, The federal government controls about 80 percent of the resources in the country, leaving the state and local government at its mercy. Another cogent reason for federalism in Nigeria is the fear of marginalization. Another major reason why federalism was adopted in Nigeria is the multiple ethnic backgrounds in Nigeria. In Nigeria, it could be argued that our federal system of government is the creation of British colonialism. In theory, Nigeria is a three-tier federation, with local, state, and federal levels designated by federal law. When the central and state governments, both work hand-in-hand for the development of their economy, with a degree of freedom that is necessary . The states' territories were formed around ethnic groups with common interest and close ties, culture, and dialects. Federalism was the only solution to ensure peace and unity amongst the leaders and the citizens and that was why federalism was adopted into the Nigerian political system. Federalism encourages innovation in governing. But nigeria today became the proudable and bearable country, If you go to Colorado, then it is illegal to keep a couch on your porch. Also see: Historical constitutional development in Nigeria explained. No Payment is Required! Federalism in India. Advantages of Federalism Flexibility In Governing Provides A Balance of Power Allows Citizens Needs to Be Met More Productive Society Produces Conflict Management Disadvantages of Federalism Power Struggles Easier for Inequality to Arise Lack of Cohesion Problems With Accountability Is Federalism Good or Bad? Federalism is a type of government in which the sovereign authority of political power is usually divided between two units. The Evolution, Development and Practice of Federalism in Nigeria Charas Madu Tella, Ahmed Wali Doho, Aliyu Bapeto Abstract Federalism is a political philosophy in which members of a group are . Federalism encourages a system of cooperation. So for effective governance of a country of this big size, federalism has to be adopted. The constitution emphasized areas of authority between the central government and the regions. A recent example in the United States of this advantage is the requirement to drug test working adults who receive welfare benefits. 4. Insecurity and the desire for union are the main reasons for the shift from unitary system of government to federal system of government in 1954. Keep it up , Yes , I love it and I was sentitize on those reasons. Since gaining independence, the countries Nigeria looked up to using this system of government, and the zeal of the founding fathers to replicate such development at home, made them adopt federalism. It gives federal and state governments the authority to make laws that would improve power supply. No doubt, the Ethnic, Religious and Geographical nature of Nigeria also contributed to the reason why federalism was adopted. This has nexus with the particular sharing formula adopted. It is important to also reason that small states are prone to domination and sometimes control by the big ones. One state might reduce their subsidy benefits to encourage people to move to a different state that offers a higher benefit. Federalism was basically introduced to bring about peace and unity in the different regions of the country. This normally causes disintegration and internal conflicts among different states (Dye, 114). Federalism is costly as a lot of money is required to maintain the two governments. Under this type, there exist a balkanization of formerly unitary state near disintegration and its diversities which progress to a state. 2. These include: 1. On the subject of policy innovation, Supreme Court Justice 3. These include: 1. If the desire to remain separate does not exist, the the association will not be federal but unitary with some delegation of powers to local government. 3 What are advantages and disadvantages of Constitution? Again, in 1967 twelve states were created to appease the interest of those clamoring for states and weaken the geo-political holds of Biafra. Rights of the minorities are protected too. a. Description. All variables measure of fiscal federalism had a positive relationship with per capita income excluding revenue allocated to the LGA's, that of mortality rate had a negative relationship with the variables . Before the arrival of Each state shall give full credit and be faithful to judicial proceedings, public records and public actions of all other states. five reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria explained. There are some states which pursue policies which frustrate national policy because they cause them to sacrifice some of their interests to local interests such as segregation. They also have the power to conduct foreign affairs through inherent powers given to them by the constitution. /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB It represents a synthetic between two perspectiveneess; one is that politics of the United States should produce the good commonwealth and the other is that the principal task of politics is to create an open political market. Natural resources, industries, employment opportunities differ from region to region. What are advantages and disadvantages of Constitution? Justice Udo Udoma is of the view that regionalism was introduced by the colonialists in order to divide and rule, and weaken true national unity in Nigeria. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. 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